HELP US END MASS INCARCERATIONThe Prison Policy Initiative uses research, advocacy, and organizing to dismantle mass incarceration. We’ve been in this movement for 23 years, thanks to individual donors like you.
On Thursday, July 18, 2024, U.S. Senator Ed Markey and Congressperson Ayanna Pressley, both of Massachusetts, introduced the Environmental Health in Prisons Act. Prison Policy Initiative is proud to support this bill, which seeks to address hazardous environmental conditions in federal prisons.
The bill has several provisions, all focused on increasing transparency and creating healthier environments for those in prisons. This act:
Requires stricter monitoring and reporting from federal carceral agencies on a wide array of pollutants and environmental hazards, including air and water quality, temperature, mold, pests, light levels, noise pollution, and more, and establishes oversight through an independent advisory panel.
Requires people held in federal carceral facilities to be informed as to potential environmental hazards, their effects, and precautions they can take to protect themselves.
Mandates and funds several feasibility studies and pilot programs, including studies on decarceration as well as those that address mitigating environmental harm.
Offers much-needed whistleblower protections for both incarcerated people and prison staff who request information about a facility’s environmental data or who raise concerns about potential unreported hazards.
Advocates have long sounded the alarm that prisons are situated, constructed, and operated in ways that perpetuate environmental injustices. Fully one-third of all federal and state prisons lie within three miles of designated federal “superfund” sites — toxic waste areas most needing extensive cleanup. Pollutants such as arsenic and lead are regularly found in prison water, and people in prison often are forced to suffer through dangerously excessive heat and other extreme and sometimes deadly conditions.
We at Prison Policy Initiative strongly support the Environmental Health in Prisons Act. It adds a much-needed layer of independent oversight for a prison system that has long deprioritized the environmental well-being of those it imprisons. The hazardous conditions in prisons can have deep and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences, can socially and economically devastate families and communities, and can create enormous strain on the prison system, which is tasked with providing long-term medical care and mental health care in the aftermath. We are proud to support these efforts toward better policy, more equitable and ethical environmental justice, and the recognition of incarcerated people as human beings with a right to be free of toxic prison conditions.
Read the official press release for the Environmental Health in Prisons Act here.
For further information on the need for environmental justice in prisons, consider the following resources:
New rules, the result of the bipartisan passage of the Martha Wright-Reed Fair and Just Communications Act, are a massive victory in the decades-long fight for prison and jail communication justice.
Today, the Federal Communications Commission voted to implement several new regulations on phone and video calling services in prisons and jails. As required by the 2022 Martha Wright-Reed Fair and Just Communications Act, the FCC laid out new price caps that prisons, jails, and their telecom providers must abide by, significantly lowering the existing caps which were set in 2021. The agency also made a number of long-sought reforms that will bring critical relief to families of incarcerated people and reduce incentives for bad policy in prisons and jails.
The new caps on phone and video calling rates in prisons and jails
The FCC voted to set price caps for phone calls of 6¢ per minute for prisons and large jails, 7¢/minute for medium-sized jails, and slightly more for small and “very small” jails. This move lowers the existing caps by more than half, a tremendous step forward that will save the families of incarcerated people many millions of dollars every year.
New maximum voice and video calling rates in prisons and jails
Facility type
Current phone rate caps (per minute)
New phone rate caps (per minute)
New video rate caps (per minute)
Effective date
Prisons
$0.14
$0.06
$0.16
Jan. 1, 2025
Large jails (1,000+)
$0.16
$0.06
$0.11
Jan. 1, 2025
Medium jails (350-999)
$0.21
$0.07
$0.12
Apr. 1, 2025
Small jails (100-349)
$0.21
$0.09
$0.14
Apr. 1, 2025
Very small jails (0-99)
$0.21
$0.12
$0.25
Apr. 1, 2025
The FCC also laid down the first rate caps for video calling — a quickly growing industry, which we put on the national radar with our 2015 report — though it should be noted that these are interim rates as the agency decides on permanent regulations. Prisons will be required to keep video calling rates at or below 16¢/minute, and jails are required to keep rates between 11¢/minute and 25¢/minute, depending on facility size. While this is an intermediate step, it stands to substantially lower the cost of video calls, for which families currently pay about 25¢ a minute on average.
Additionally, the FCC finally prohibited the companies from charging additional fees for “ancillary services” like making a deposit to fund an account, and now will just require the companies to recover those costs within their per-minute charge for phone or video service. This technical-sounding change ends a long debate around the best way to eliminate some of the industry’s dirtiest tricks that shortchange both the families and the facilities.1 The FCC itself recognized in 2015 that fees were “the chief source of consumer abuse and allow circumvention of rate caps” when it set caps on five types of fees and prohibited all the others. Since then, the FCC has struggled to keep up with some providers’ attempts to circumvent the fee caps, so with this order the FCC will lower costs to the families while offering more simplicity and consistency to the companies and the facilities.
The FCC’s new rule on ancillary fees also effectively blocks a practice that we have been campaigning against for years: companies charging fees to consumers who choose to make single calls rather than fund a calling account, and deliberately steering new consumers to this higher-cost option in order to increase fee revenue. (Our 2019 State of Phone Justice report offers a visual depiction of this reprehensible practice.)
Other important financial regulations in the FCC’s order
The FCC’s order takes the momentous step of prohibiting companies from paying most kickbacks — or in the industry’s and FCC’s terminology, “site commissions” — to contracting agencies. Commissions, as we have written before, are a major factor driving up the costs of prison and jail telecom services: Counties and states choose their telecom provider based on which one will offer the highest commission payments, and companies offset the cost of paying these kickbacks by raising their rates. The new rules appear to restrict site commissions in all of their many forms, including “donations” of free technology or other gifts to the facilities.
There is an important caveat to this reform: Companies can still make payments to agencies totaling up to 2¢ for every calling minute, provided they can show that these are reimbursements for costs the facilities themselves are paying for “used and useful” calling services. (These commissions must be built into companies’ rates, within the caps listed above.) In other words, commission payments are not completely eliminated, but the biggest perverse incentive they exert in the prison and jail telecom market has been greatly curtailed.
Alternative pricing plans
In another departure from their previous regulatory approach, the FCC voted to allow companies to offer “alternative pricing plans” for phone and video calling. Over the past several years, the agency has required companies to price their services in terms of rates per minute, preventing abusive pricing systems like “flat rate calling” that charge consumers a fee for calls regardless of length (or that make the first minute cost much more than subsequent minutes). This time around, the FCC is allowing alternative pricing plans — with some key caveats.
Per the new rules — and in keeping with advocates’ strong recommendations — companies can only offer alternative pricing plans that they can show generate cost savings for consumers as a group and individually. Critically, the intent of the new rules is to allow the companies and facilities to experiment with new pricing structures but not to circumvent the existing rate caps.
New accessibility and consumer protection rules
Another important issue in the FCC’s rulemaking concerns incarcerated people with disabilities. The agency ruled that telecom providers must make “advanced communications services” (i.e. audio or video communications services and electronic messaging), and any equipment associated with those services, accessible for people with disabilities except when doing so is “not achievable.” In cases where it is not achievable, providers must ensure that their services and infrastructure can integrate with “existing peripheral devices” commonly used by people with disabilities.
Additionally, the FCC issued strong permanent rules to keep the companies from seizing funds that consumers leave behind in their accounts when a loved one is released from jail or prison. The new rules require the companies to make reasonable efforts to return funds when they know that a person has been released or when funds have gone unused for 180 days. If the companies are unable to return these funds, they must turn over those funds to the state’s unclaimed asset programs that hold funds in trust for consumers. This is a significant victory that the Prison Policy Initiative has long sought, because many companies would simply seize these unused funds as a secret form of profit, which in the case of industry giant GTL, averaged to more than $1.2 million per month of consumer funds seized by phone providers just because they could.
Conclusion
Advocates following these developments at the FCC should also be aware of upcoming opportunities to make the new rules even better. The FCC has released a “Notice of Proposed Rulemaking” (see paragraph 608 of the final order) pertaining to a number of topics, most notably video calling and “quality of service” issues. Advocates should act soon to ensure the FCC hears about excessive video calling charges, problems with dropped calls, and other technical issues. (The deadline for comments is 30 days after the order is published in the Federal Register, which probably will be at least a week after today’s vote.)
The FCC’s order is a massive victory for incarcerated people, their families, and their allies who have spent decades fighting the exploitative prison telecom industry. Of course, it does not mean the long fight for communications justice is over: Companies looking for ways to exploit consumers still have plenty of options for doing so, including bundling regulated services into contracts with unregulated services that charge unfair and unreasonable rates (like electronic messaging and tablet features). But the order delivers on the promise of the Martha Wright-Reed Act and accomplishes many of the key goals that we and other advocates have been campaigning on for years.
Footnotes
As our 2013 report found, the practice of charging “ancillary fees” outside of the per-minute rate added up to almost 40% of what incarcerated people and their families were spending on phone calls. (The companies invented these fees because commissions paid to the facilities were originally a percentage of the per minute rate, and creating fees was a way for the companies to get extra income from the families without sharing it back to the facilities.) ↩
Americans have a fundamental right to engage with legislators about decisions that affect their lives, and one of the most powerful ways to do that is by testifying at state legislative hearings. People in prison, however, are routinely denied this right. Silencing incarcerated people is not only unjust, but deprives the public of valuable insights and expertise from those most affected by criminal legal system reforms. Even well-intended changes may ultimately be short-sighted or even harmful when created without any input from the people who bear the brunt of their effects. Advocates across the country are taking advantage of the recent expansion of communication technology to help incarcerated people have their voices heard in legislative committee hearings. Through these efforts, the testimony of incarcerated people has been a driving force behind bills to end the use of solitary confinement, end life without parole, and more in Massachusetts, Washington, and Connecticut, among other states.
On August 5, 2024, Prison Policy Initiative hosted a panel of advocates from around the country for a discussion on the importance and challenges of helping people in prisons engage in legislative hearings and introduce our new legislative testimony toolkit.
Jesse White, Prisoners’ Legal Services of Massachusetts: https://plsma.org/
Additional Resources:
The ACLU of DC provides some general tips for testifying in front of the DC Council that provide a great outline for anyone testifying in a legislative context.
The Boston Institute for Nonprofit Journalism published a detailed article about the impact of testimony from incarcerated people in Massachusetts.
