Sources and methodology

State Prisons

Number of people in state prison in that state on December 31, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.

Federal Prisons

Number of people in federal prison from that state on March 23, 2023 (in Bureau of Prisons facilities) and projected for FY 2023 (for those in U.S. Marshals Service jurisdiction). For how we apportioned the federal prison population to the state of origin, see the full methodology.

Local Jails

People under the supervision of local jails in that state on June 30, 2019. To avoid double counting, people held under contract with other agencies are not included. See the full methodology for more detail.

Youth Facilities

Number of people under age 21 in held in youth residential placement facilities due to justice system involvement in that state on October 23, 2019. Youth under 18 held in adult facilities are not included here and are counted in the corresponding adult prison and jail column. State counts do not sum to total because: There were 1,895 youth placements without a corresponding state, so they are only counted in the total; additionally, to preserve the privacy of the juvenile residents, state level cell counts have been rounded to the nearest multiple of three. See the full methodology for more detail.

Involuntary Commitment

This category includes people involuntarily committed by the court to state psychiatric hospitals for evaulation and after being found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity, or Not Guilty but Mentally Ill, in 2014. It also includes people in held in civil commitment facilities for sexual offense convictions in that state in 2022, with the exception of three states and the federal Bureau of Prisons. See the full methodology for more detail.

Indian Country Jails

Number of people in held in Indian Country jails within that state on June 30, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.

Parole

Number of people on parole in that state on December 31, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.

Probation

Number of people on probation in that state on December 31, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.

Total Under Correctional Control

This is the sum of the previous 8 columns, representing the number of people incarcerated or under community supervision in that state.

State Prison Rate

This is the number of people in state prison in that state per 100,000 people in that state.

Federal Prison Rate

This is the number of people in federal prison from that state per 100,000 people in that state.

Local Jails Rate

This is the number of people in local jails in that state - not including people held under contract with other authorities - per 100,000 people in that state.

Youth Confinement Rate

This is the number of people under 21 in residential placement facilities due to justice system involvement in that state per 100,000 people in that state. Note that that is different than other statistics calculated per 100,000 youth.

Involuntary Commitment Rate

This is the number of people in state psychiatric hospitals or civil commitment facilities in that state per 100,000 people in that state.

Indian Country Jails Rate

This is the number of people in Indian Country jails within that state per 100,000 people in that state.

Parole Rate

This is the number of people on parole in state per 100,000 people in that state. This figure may be different than other statistics based on the number per 100,000 adults.

Probation Rate

This is the number of people on probation in state per 100,000 people in that state. This figure may be different than other statistics based on the number per 100,000 adults.

Total Rate

This is the sum of the previous eight columns, representing the number of people incarcerated or under community supervision in that state per 100,000 state residents. There may be slight discrepancies due to rounding.

Total State Population

This is the number of people in the state's population on July 1, 2021, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's Estimates of the Resident Population.