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Appendix Table 5. Jail and prison incarceration populations by state, 1978-2022

*Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont have combined prison and jail systems and therefore do not report jail data to the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
**In the District of Columbia, people sentenced for felonies were transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons as of December 2001, so there is no prison population or rate available for the District for 2001-2022.
For detailed sourcing and methodology, see our April 2024 publication, New data and visualizations spotlight states' reliance on excessive jailing.
State Population 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Alabama Jail population (adjusted) 3,667 3,656 3,530 3,434 3,760 3,838 4,381 4,439 4,322 4,072 4,363 4,665 5,673 6,070 7,262 7,873 7,800 8,818 8,720 8,334 9,026 9,324 9,041 10,661 10,249 10,504 10,954 11,283 12,824 13,329 13,438 10,684 12,769 12,270 11,652 12,049 10,970 10,675 11,687 12,175 13,220 12,349
Alabama Prison population 5,625 5,464 6,543 7,657 9,233 9,856 10,482 11,015 11,710 12,827 12,610 13,907 15,665 16,760 17,453 18,624 19,573 20,718 21,760 22,290 22,676 24,658 26,406 26,741 27,947 27,913 25,887 27,888 28,241 29,412 30,508 31,874 31,764 32,270 32,431 32,381 31,771 30,810 26,506 27,608 26,841 28,304 25,328 25,032 26,421
Alaska* Prison population 712 760 822 1,024 1,322 1,631 1,967 2,329 2,460 2,528 2,588 2,744 2,622 2,706 2,865 2,703 3,292 3,522 3,716 4,165 4,097 3,949 4,173 4,571 4,398 4,527 4,554 4,812 5,069 5,167 5,014 5,285 5,391 5,597 5,633 5,081 5,794 5,338 4,024 4,399 4,380 4,475 4,578 4,639 4,778
Arizona Jail population (adjusted) 2,231 2,332 2,433 2,535 2,636 2,737 3,293 3,849 4,405 4,961 5,032 7,007 8,678 10,288 11,848 13,393 12,871 12,106 11,743 11,095 10,548 10,167 10,160 12,753 11,959 13,102 13,897 14,094 14,406 15,813 17,072 14,273 12,428 12,608 13,638 13,609 13,121 12,594 12,532 12,723 12,586 12,840
Arizona Prison population 3,456 3,749 4,372 5,223 6,069 6,889 7,845 8,531 9,434 10,948 12,095 13,251 14,261 15,415 16,477 17,811 19,746 21,341 22,493 23,484 25,515 25,986 26,510 27,710 29,359 31,170 32,515 33,471 35,801 37,746 39,502 40,544 40,209 40,020 40,080 41,177 42,259 42,719 38,323 42,030 42,005 42,441 37,731 33,914 33,865
Arkansas Jail population (adjusted) 1,179 1,262 1,346 1,429 1,513 1,596 1,662 1,613 1,336 1,810 1,586 1,476 1,441 2,276 2,013 1,988 2,694 2,660 2,474 2,639 3,923 3,992 4,370 4,443 4,758 5,046 4,747 4,893 5,338 5,730 5,555 5,371 5,104 5,947 6,476 4,949 4,757 5,656 6,243 6,342 6,585 6,786
Arkansas Prison population 2,654 3,042 2,911 3,328 3,922 4,246 4,482 4,611 4,701 5,441 5,519 6,649 7,322 7,766 8,285 8,625 8,957 8,910 9,407 10,021 10,638 11,415 11,915 12,594 13,091 13,315 13,807 13,511 13,729 14,314 14,716 15,208 16,204 16,108 14,654 17,235 17,874 17,707 16,161 18,070 17,799 17,759 16,094 17,022 17,625
California Jail population (adjusted) 25,774 28,660 31,546 33,833 36,229 38,961 43,171 48,041 53,642 58,121 62,600 78,462 94,324 110,186 126,048 141,910 130,531 119,152 107,774 96,395 85,016 70,811 65,501 64,114 68,633 69,364 71,078 74,245 74,878 76,052 76,389 74,669 68,278 67,391 75,199 78,012 78,075 71,371 70,903 71,543 70,790 71,598
California Prison population 21,325 22,632 24,569 29,202 34,640 39,373 43,197 50,158 59,484 66,975 76,171 87,297 97,309 101,808 109,496 119,951 126,091 135,646 146,049 155,790 161,904 163,067 163,001 159,444 161,361 164,487 166,556 170,676 175,512 174,282 173,670 171,275 165,062 149,569 134,534 135,981 136,085 129,593 124,198 131,039 128,625 122,687 97,328 101,441 97,608
Colorado Jail population (adjusted) 1,570 1,753 1,936 2,118 2,057 2,273 2,699 2,987 3,262 3,771 4,032 5,144 6,102 7,875 8,620 10,106 8,957 9,277 8,397 7,407 6,311 6,086 8,880 9,942 10,522 10,964 10,287 11,924 12,708 12,631 12,314 12,402 11,905 10,927 11,526 11,638 11,114 11,462 12,037 11,992 12,794 12,625
Colorado Prison population 2,486 2,668 2,629 2,772 3,042 3,244 3,231 3,386 3,804 4,808 5,765 6,908 7,671 8,392 8,997 9,462 10,717 11,063 12,438 13,461 14,312 15,670 16,833 17,448 18,833 19,671 20,293 21,456 22,481 22,841 23,274 22,795 22,815 21,978 20,462 20,371 20,646 20,168 18,078 19,946 20,372 19,785 16,168 15,865 17,168
Connecticut* Prison population 3,189 4,061 4,308 5,263 5,156 5,474 5,718 6,149 6,905 7,511 8,005 9,301 10,500 10,977 11,403 13,691 14,380 14,802 16,571 17,241 17,605 18,639 18,355 19,196 20,720 19,846 19,497 19,442 20,566 20,924 20,661 19,716 19,321 18,324 17,530 17,563 16,636 15,816 13,892 14,040 13,681 12,823 9,559 9,889 10,506
Delaware* Prison population 1,325 1,419 1,474 1,712 2,068 2,198 2,202 2,553 2,833 2,982 3,197 3,458 3,471 3,717 4,062 4,210 4,466 4,836 5,110 5,435 5,558 6,983 6,921 7,003 6,778 6,794 6,927 6,944 7,186 7,257 7,057 6,775 6,615 6,739 6,914 7,004 6,955 6,654 6,047 6,443 6,067 5,692 4,710 4,810 4,954
District of Columbia Jail population (adjusted) 1,300 1,488 1,676 1,865 2,053 2,241 2,100 1,959 1,819 1,678 1,177 726 731 1,567 1,577 1,427 1,594 1,601 1,609 1,616 1,623 1,630 1,474 1,284 2,675 1,630 2,687 2,598 2,553 2,243 2,110 2,233 2,203 2,198 1,664 1,518 1,245 1,136 1,226 1,250 1,507 1,376
District of Columbia** Prison population 2,864 2,973 3,145 3,479 4,081 4,344 4,521 6,404 6,618 7,645 8,831 9,954 9,947 10,455 10,875 10,845 10,949 9,800 9,376 9,353 9,829 8,652 10,352
Florida Jail population (adjusted) 9,748 10,824 11,681 12,593 13,498 14,707 17,064 19,421 21,778 24,135 26,492 33,219 39,945 46,672 53,398 60,125 58,316 56,508 54,699 52,890 51,082 49,273 47,639 48,208 52,615 51,403 57,780 61,730 61,884 62,839 62,593 57,209 54,407 53,400 52,502 50,967 49,482 49,799 48,464 50,591 51,059 53,179
Florida Prison population 21,436 19,748 20,735 23,589 27,830 26,334 26,914 28,600 32,237 32,445 34,732 39,999 44,387 46,533 48,302 53,048 57,163 63,879 63,763 64,626 67,224 69,596 71,319 72,404 75,210 82,012 85,533 89,768 92,969 98,219 102,388 103,915 104,306 103,055 101,930 103,028 102,870 101,424 93,111 98,504 97,538 96,009 81,027 80,417 84,678
Georgia Jail population (adjusted) 7,921 8,477 8,263 9,590 10,146 10,702 11,763 12,824 13,884 14,945 16,006 19,717 23,428 27,140 30,851 34,562 34,339 34,115 33,892 33,668 33,445 29,464 28,518 29,488 31,565 33,078 35,480 37,089 38,940 38,091 40,883 40,865 41,207 38,863 37,255 36,131 33,749 30,952 33,016 34,944 32,575 37,009
Georgia Prison population 11,317 12,106 12,178 12,444 14,405 15,358 15,404 16,262 16,922 18,575 18,787 20,885 22,411 23,743 25,290 27,783 33,425 34,266 35,139 36,505 39,262 42,091 44,232 45,937 47,445 47,208 51,104 48,749 52,792 54,256 52,719 56,986 56,432 55,944 55,457 54,004 52,949 52,193 49,839 53,667 53,647 54,816 47,141 47,010 48,439
Hawaii* Prison population 727 856 985 1,207 1,461 1,700 1,965 2,111 2,180 2,264 2,300 2,459 2,533 2,700 2,926 3,129 3,333 3,560 4,011 4,978 4,924 4,903 5,053 5,431 5,423 5,828 5,960 6,146 5,967 5,978 5,955 5,891 5,912 6,037 5,831 5,632 5,866 5,879 4,934 5,630 5,375 5,279 4,171 4,102 4,149
Idaho Jail population (adjusted) 507 534 561 587 614 641 670 690 728 714 586 803 956 1,123 1,132 1,316 1,349 1,839 2,000 2,129 2,243 2,049 2,096 2,577 2,832 2,994 2,628 2,865 3,266 3,280 3,363 3,226 3,051 2,912 3,040 2,649 2,887 2,659 2,750 3,199 3,405 3,016
Idaho Prison population 802 830 817 957 1,044 1,187 1,253 1,344 1,448 1,435 1,581 1,850 1,961 2,143 2,256 2,606 2,811 3,328 3,832 3,911 4,083 4,842 5,535 5,984 5,746 5,737 6,375 6,818 7,124 7,319 7,290 7,400 7,431 7,739 7,985 8,242 8,117 8,052 7,239 8,579 8,664 9,437 8,171 8,907 9,110
Illinois Jail population (adjusted) 5,930 6,589 7,249 7,908 8,568 9,141 9,163 9,202 9,206 9,263 9,272 10,519 11,766 13,013 14,260 15,507 15,683 15,858 16,034 16,210 16,385 16,561 16,792 18,996 19,941 20,663 19,530 20,073 19,429 19,620 19,849 18,406 18,952 19,316 19,949 20,752 18,414 17,215 16,844 15,624 15,063 14,693
Illinois Prison population 11,258 11,935 11,899 14,328 14,293 15,595 17,114 18,634 19,456 19,850 21,081 24,712 27,516 29,115 31,640 34,495 36,531 37,658 38,852 40,788 43,051 44,660 45,281 44,348 42,693 43,418 44,054 44,919 45,106 45,215 45,474 45,161 48,418 48,427 49,348 48,653 48,278 46,240 41,044 41,471 39,965 38,259 29,729 28,980 29,634
Indiana Jail population (adjusted) 2,485 2,743 3,001 3,259 3,517 3,775 4,020 4,264 4,509 4,753 4,998 5,078 5,451 6,102 6,639 7,018 7,762 8,169 8,756 9,269 9,827 10,653 11,402 15,432 13,250 13,399 14,114 15,017 17,128 14,771 15,344 15,640 15,485 15,107 15,941 14,705 14,744 14,923 17,124 18,473 19,647 19,684
Indiana Prison population 4,923 5,667 6,683 8,022 8,790 9,296 9,328 10,056 10,175 10,827 11,406 12,341 12,736 13,719 13,945 14,470 15,014 16,125 16,960 17,903 19,197 19,309 20,125 20,966 21,611 23,069 24,008 24,455 26,091 27,132 28,322 28,808 28,028 28,906 28,831 29,913 29,271 27,355 23,341 26,024 26,877 27,180 23,944 24,972 25,286
Iowa Jail population (adjusted) 695 733 771 809 847 885 915 945 975 1,005 1,035 1,150 1,265 1,379 1,494 1,609 1,780 1,952 2,123 2,294 2,466 2,637 2,706 2,749 3,233 3,455 3,202 3,318 3,576 3,702 3,619 3,415 3,508 3,604 3,759 3,696 3,687 3,880 3,788 4,219 4,210 4,360
Iowa Prison population 1,982 2,272 2,481 2,670 2,829 2,814 2,836 2,687 2,777 2,851 3,034 3,584 3,967 4,145 4,518 4,898 5,437 5,906 6,342 6,938 7,394 7,232 7,955 7,962 8,398 8,546 8,525 8,737 8,838 8,732 8,766 8,813 9,455 9,116 8,733 8,697 8,838 8,849 8,210 9,024 9,419 9,282 8,307 8,562 8,473
Kansas Jail population (adjusted) 893 972 1,052 1,131 1,211 1,290 1,398 1,506 1,613 1,721 1,829 2,147 2,465 2,783 3,101 3,419 3,546 3,674 3,801 3,928 4,056 4,183 4,596 5,025 5,396 6,534 5,826 5,559 6,561 6,235 6,533 5,870 6,582 6,138 5,877 6,089 6,267 6,080 6,320 6,312 6,783 6,672
Kansas Prison population 2,341 2,290 2,494 2,770 3,078 3,705 4,244 4,732 5,345 5,781 5,817 5,616 5,775 5,903 6,028 5,727 6,371 7,054 7,756 7,911 8,183 8,567 8,344 8,577 8,935 9,132 8,966 9,068 8,816 8,696 8,539 8,641 9,051 9,327 9,682 9,763 9,877 9,857 9,051 9,971 10,218 10,177 8,779 8,521 8,709
Kentucky Jail population (adjusted) 2,226 2,534 2,748 3,046 3,296 3,522 3,223 3,308 3,379 3,467 3,666 3,873 5,278 5,791 6,770 7,634 7,767 8,208 8,358 8,360 8,799 7,020 7,321 14,053 9,877 9,990 10,779 9,982 10,298 9,413 9,785 9,125 9,587 9,788 9,658 9,939 10,036 9,348 9,804 10,388 11,780 13,356
Kentucky Prison population 3,390 3,691 3,588 3,993 4,031 4,773 4,820 4,981 5,288 6,437 7,119 8,289 9,023 9,799 10,364 10,440 11,066 12,060 12,910 14,600 14,987 15,317 14,919 15,424 15,820 16,622 17,814 19,662 20,000 22,457 21,706 21,638 20,544 21,545 22,110 21,030 21,657 21,701 20,080 23,543 23,431 23,082 18,552 18,560 19,744
Louisiana Jail population (adjusted) 3,737 4,704 4,959 6,082 6,026 5,875 5,782 6,236 6,483 6,360 6,760 8,028 9,203 10,197 12,092 11,894 11,227 11,661 12,209 11,585 10,193 9,536 6,041 9,849 10,176 10,280 10,213 14,073 8,856 11,858 10,701 8,875 10,986 9,408 10,361 10,697 9,413 10,074 7,148 8,926 10,300 12,067
Louisiana Prison population 7,291 7,618 8,889 9,415 10,930 12,812 13,659 13,890 14,300 15,375 16,242 17,257 18,599 20,003 20,980 22,468 24,063 25,195 26,779 29,265 32,228 34,066 35,207 35,810 36,032 36,047 36,939 36,083 37,012 37,540 38,381 39,780 39,445 39,710 40,172 39,299 38,030 36,377 33,701 33,739 32,397 31,609 26,964 26,074 27,296
Maine Jail population (adjusted) 304 312 392 422 432 465 509 532 569 603 627 643 671 696 714 731 784 838 891 944 998 1,051 1,186 1,314 1,408 1,465 1,371 1,453 1,651 1,508 1,399 1,342 813 1,113 1,132 1,635 1,239 1,203 1,207 1,113 1,508 1,512
Maine Prison population 711 776 814 992 1,110 1,082 1,032 1,317 1,316 1,299 1,277 1,455 1,523 1,579 1,519 1,469 1,474 1,396 1,426 1,620 1,691 1,716 1,679 1,704 1,900 2,013 2,024 2,023 2,120 2,148 2,195 2,206 2,154 2,145 2,108 2,173 2,242 2,279 2,169 2,404 2,425 2,185 1,714 1,577 1,675
Maryland Jail population (adjusted) 3,145 3,352 3,676 4,090 4,301 4,493 5,095 5,615 6,134 6,654 7,174 8,874 10,574 12,275 13,975 15,675 14,879 14,083 13,287 12,491 11,695 10,758 9,875 10,336 11,410 11,813 12,335 12,070 12,389 13,389 12,994 11,676 11,823 11,900 11,706 11,674 10,729 9,288 8,418 9,148 8,390 8,345
Maryland Prison population 7,966 7,860 7,731 9,335 11,617 12,617 13,124 13,005 13,326 13,467 14,276 16,514 17,848 19,291 19,977 20,264 20,998 21,453 22,050 22,232 22,572 23,095 23,538 23,752 24,162 23,791 23,285 22,737 22,945 23,433 23,324 22,255 22,645 22,558 21,522 21,335 21,011 20,764 19,172 19,367 18,856 18,595 15,623 15,134 15,637
Massachusetts Jail population (adjusted) 2,088 2,386 2,593 2,967 3,221 3,483 3,865 4,243 4,522 5,004 5,081 6,403 7,745 8,738 10,050 11,491 11,144 11,196 11,052 10,870 10,593 10,399 8,560 10,090 10,721 11,212 11,989 11,792 12,721 12,451 12,218 12,181 9,725 9,361 8,652 9,646 9,207 9,341 9,622 9,385 8,007 8,444
Massachusetts Prison population 2,806 2,924 3,185 3,889 4,334 4,482 4,883 5,390 5,636 6,268 6,757 7,524 8,345 9,415 10,053 10,229 11,293 11,687 11,796 11,947 11,799 11,356 10,722 10,588 10,329 10,232 10,144 10,701 11,032 11,436 11,408 11,316 11,313 11,623 11,308 10,950 10,713 9,922 8,820 9,133 8,692 8,205 6,762 6,148 6,001
Michigan Jail population (adjusted) 5,701 6,077 6,412 6,801 7,195 7,560 7,909 8,259 8,608 8,958 9,307 10,392 11,477 12,563 13,648 14,733 14,846 14,566 14,742 15,033 15,089 15,148 15,165 15,748 16,081 16,080 17,256 17,541 17,917 17,579 16,780 16,027 15,429 15,475 15,963 17,768 15,746 14,080 15,388 15,285 15,356 15,230
Michigan Prison population 14,944 15,002 15,124 15,157 14,913 14,510 14,604 17,755 20,742 23,879 27,612 31,639 34,267 36,423 39,113 39,318 40,631 41,112 42,349 44,771 45,879 46,617 47,718 48,849 50,591 49,358 48,883 49,546 51,577 50,233 48,738 45,478 44,165 42,940 43,636 43,759 43,390 42,628 38,880 39,666 38,761 38,053 33,617 32,186 32,374
Minnesota Jail population (adjusted) 1,335 1,507 1,679 1,851 2,023 2,195 2,346 2,498 2,649 2,801 2,952 3,490 4,028 4,565 5,103 5,507 5,493 5,451 5,243 5,337 5,257 5,086 4,520 5,150 5,365 5,637 6,102 5,858 6,283 6,561 5,590 5,470 5,671 5,372 5,267 5,112 5,238 5,343 5,446 5,568 5,571 5,315
Minnesota Prison population 1,954 2,094 2,001 1,966 2,081 2,113 2,167 2,343 2,462 2,546 2,799 3,103 3,176 3,472 3,822 4,200 4,575 4,846 5,158 5,326 5,572 5,969 6,238 6,606 7,129 7,865 8,758 9,281 9,108 9,468 9,910 9,986 9,796 9,800 9,938 10,289 10,637 10,798 9,818 10,708 10,101 9,982 8,148 8,003 8,636
Mississippi Jail population (adjusted) 1,297 902 1,070 1,214 1,390 1,452 1,301 1,804 1,707 2,142 2,113 2,566 3,520 4,019 4,529 6,006 4,896 4,566 4,140 6,378 6,660 5,409 6,036 5,366 5,403 5,912 5,606 6,499 5,998 6,555 5,891 5,149 5,570 4,282 5,764 7,002 6,509 8,325 8,050 6,121 5,438 5,942
Mississippi Prison population 2,896 3,508 3,902 4,624 5,484 5,586 6,115 6,392 6,747 6,880 7,384 7,911 8,375 8,904 8,905 9,907 10,930 12,684 13,859 14,296 16,678 18,247 20,241 21,460 22,705 20,589 20,983 20,515 21,068 22,431 22,754 21,482 21,067 21,386 22,319 21,969 18,793 18,911 17,823 19,103 19,275 19,417 17,577 17,332 19,802
Missouri Jail population (adjusted) 2,831 3,042 3,254 3,465 3,677 3,888 3,946 4,004 4,062 4,120 4,178 4,645 5,111 5,578 6,044 6,511 6,536 6,562 6,587 6,557 6,638 6,663 7,204 7,686 8,396 8,688 9,205 9,325 10,323 9,746 10,751 10,605 9,752 10,611 11,490 11,197 10,232 10,258 10,435 11,548 11,455 10,948
Missouri Prison population 5,637 5,279 5,726 6,489 7,445 8,103 8,770 9,796 10,309 11,357 12,176 13,921 14,943 15,897 16,195 16,178 17,898 19,134 22,003 23,664 25,060 26,155 27,543 28,757 30,099 30,303 31,081 30,823 30,167 29,857 30,186 30,563 30,623 30,833 31,247 31,537 31,942 32,330 29,124 32,601 30,369 26,044 23,062 23,422 23,911
Montana Jail population (adjusted) 374 378 385 391 398 404 432 461 489 518 546 575 604 632 661 690 787 751 897 862 1,032 442 581 1,223 1,217 1,183 1,150 1,302 1,191 1,026 1,031 1,056 1,233 344 1,317 2,156 1,643 1,825 1,767 1,923 2,331 2,018
Montana Prison population 690 715 739 831 914 903 964 1,129 1,111 1,207 1,272 1,328 1,425 1,478 1,548 1,541 1,764 1,999 2,230 2,541 2,734 2,951 3,105 3,328 3,323 3,620 3,164 3,509 3,563 3,431 3,517 3,605 3,716 3,678 3,609 3,642 3,699 3,685 3,405 3,698 3,765 4,723 3,927 4,313 4,691
Nebraska Jail population (adjusted) 524 608 692 776 860 944 973 1,002 1,031 1,060 1,089 1,322 1,555 1,788 2,021 2,254 2,090 1,927 1,763 1,599 1,436 1,272 1,867 2,074 2,186 2,159 2,512 2,454 2,364 2,546 2,725 3,000 2,948 2,891 2,934 3,087 2,746 2,832 3,001 3,221 3,318 3,585
Nebraska Prison population 1,347 1,291 1,446 1,488 1,739 1,629 1,655 1,814 2,044 2,086 2,156 2,393 2,403 2,526 2,514 2,518 2,711 3,074 3,287 3,402 3,676 3,688 3,895 3,937 4,058 4,040 4,130 4,455 4,407 4,505 4,520 4,474 4,587 4,616 4,705 5,026 5,441 5,372 4,878 5,313 5,491 5,682 5,306 5,600 5,649
Nevada Jail population (adjusted) 958 951 945 938 932 925 1,154 1,383 1,611 1,840 2,069 2,241 2,413 2,585 2,757 2,929 3,187 3,445 3,703 3,960 4,218 4,319 4,359 4,516 4,784 6,659 6,036 6,210 5,701 6,895 6,787 7,141 6,862 6,565 6,547 6,585 6,714 6,360 6,482 6,745 7,275 6,561
Nevada Prison population 1,350 1,566 1,839 2,116 2,753 3,188 3,488 3,771 4,551 4,434 4,881 5,112 5,322 5,823 6,049 6,412 6,993 7,713 8,325 9,024 9,651 9,494 10,063 10,233 10,478 10,543 11,365 11,782 12,839 13,400 12,743 12,482 12,653 12,778 12,883 13,056 12,537 13,071 12,490 13,671 13,641 12,840 11,422 10,202 10,304
New Hampshire Jail population (adjusted) 387 406 425 445 464 483 542 601 661 720 779 935 1,091 1,248 1,404 1,560 1,498 1,436 1,310 1,247 1,197 1,155 586 1,114 1,326 1,378 1,510 1,642 1,927 1,873 1,858 1,935 1,934 1,904 1,955 1,820 1,947 1,567 1,574 1,516 1,183 1,101
New Hampshire Prison population 283 316 326 398 445 479 581 683 782 867 1,019 1,166 1,342 1,533 1,777 1,775 2,021 2,015 2,062 2,168 2,169 2,257 2,257 2,392 2,451 2,434 2,448 2,530 2,805 2,943 2,702 2,731 2,761 2,614 2,790 3,018 2,963 2,897 2,591 2,750 2,722 2,691 2,352 2,127 2,086
New Jersey Jail population (adjusted) 3,845 4,356 4,658 4,335 4,217 5,306 5,675 6,664 6,844 7,744 8,698 9,333 11,008 11,619 13,011 14,332 14,141 12,924 12,443 13,574 12,255 11,366 10,861 12,481 13,418 13,800 14,443 13,528 15,428 15,091 14,860 13,313 13,590 13,247 14,253 14,451 12,972 12,230 11,430 8,393 7,155 7,408
New Jersey Prison population 5,869 5,852 5,884 7,011 8,191 9,192 10,363 11,335 12,020 15,969 16,936 19,439 21,128 23,483 22,653 23,831 24,632 27,066 27,490 28,361 31,121 31,493 29,784 28,142 27,891 27,246 26,757 27,359 27,371 26,827 25,953 25,382 25,007 23,834 23,225 22,452 21,590 20,489 18,952 19,585 19,362 18,613 12,830 12,506 12,657
New Mexico Jail population (adjusted) 693 795 885 998 1,101 1,205 1,368 1,531 1,694 1,857 2,020 2,328 2,635 2,943 3,250 3,558 3,753 3,579 3,836 3,781 3,303 4,575 5,016 5,412 5,486 6,150 6,742 6,790 7,322 6,961 7,305 6,381 6,886 6,190 6,193 6,659 6,147 6,474 5,655 5,244 5,011 5,279
New Mexico Prison population 1,593 1,556 1,279 1,497 1,718 1,977 2,129 2,313 2,416 2,670 2,825 3,158 3,187 3,119 3,271 3,498 3,712 4,078 4,724 4,688 5,078 5,174 5,342 5,668 5,991 6,223 6,379 6,571 6,639 6,466 6,322 6,363 6,763 6,998 6,727 6,931 7,021 7,169 6,344 7,276 7,030 6,723 5,500 5,154 4,970
New York Jail population (adjusted) 10,592 11,688 13,042 14,132 15,223 16,313 18,078 19,843 21,609 23,374 25,139 30,524 35,910 41,295 46,681 52,066 48,964 45,861 42,759 38,738 34,266 32,024 26,311 27,422 29,071 29,136 29,084 32,195 30,619 29,669 28,602 28,102 28,312 27,950 26,384 26,623 24,169 23,901 20,843 19,453 20,435 21,033
New York Prison population 20,459 20,856 21,815 25,494 27,945 30,510 33,109 34,507 38,449 40,842 44,560 51,232 54,895 57,862 61,736 64,569 66,750 68,486 69,709 69,108 72,289 72,899 70,199 67,533 67,065 65,198 63,751 62,743 63,315 62,620 60,347 58,687 56,656 55,436 54,210 53,550 52,518 51,727 48,442 49,461 46,636 43,500 34,128 30,338 31,148
North Carolina Jail population (adjusted) 2,569 2,823 3,078 3,332 3,587 3,841 4,155 4,470 4,784 5,099 5,413 6,516 7,618 8,721 9,823 10,821 10,959 11,092 11,254 11,769 12,077 12,566 11,363 11,875 13,964 14,067 15,089 15,136 16,854 17,699 18,014 14,463 17,040 17,030 17,947 18,069 17,707 16,779 17,418 18,448 18,798 18,801
North Carolina Prison population 13,252 14,255 15,513 15,770 16,569 15,395 16,371 17,344 17,698 17,218 17,078 17,454 18,411 18,903 20,454 21,892 23,648 29,253 30,647 31,612 31,961 31,086 31,266 32,253 32,832 33,560 35,434 36,365 37,460 37,970 39,482 39,860 40,382 39,440 37,136 36,922 37,096 36,617 32,985 36,394 34,899 34,079 29,461 28,995 29,627
North Dakota Jail population (adjusted) 140 162 184 205 227 249 247 246 244 243 241 257 273 289 305 321 347 372 307 355 428 450 466 510 614 657 702 708 762 670 702 643 654 814 824 1,046 1,134 1,146 1,122 1,444 1,198 1,172
North Dakota Prison population 200 186 253 280 322 410 432 422 421 430 466 451 483 492 477 498 536 608 722 797 915 943 1,076 1,111 1,112 1,239 1,327 1,385 1,363 1,416 1,452 1,486 1,487 1,423 1,512 1,576 1,718 1,795 1,578 1,723 1,695 1,794 1,401 1,689 1,817
Ohio Jail population (adjusted) 5,355 5,791 6,228 6,664 7,101 7,537 7,827 8,118 8,408 8,699 8,989 10,327 11,664 13,002 14,339 15,677 15,747 15,817 15,888 15,958 16,028 16,098 15,670 16,480 18,139 19,085 19,174 19,208 20,100 19,957 18,655 19,327 16,820 17,137 18,035 17,413 18,366 17,809 16,715 19,466 19,935 19,937
Ohio Prison population 13,107 13,360 13,489 14,968 17,317 18,007 18,619 20,864 22,463 24,240 26,462 30,538 31,822 35,744 38,378 40,641 41,908 44,663 46,174 48,016 48,450 46,842 45,833 45,281 45,646 44,778 44,806 45,854 49,166 50,731 51,686 51,606 51,712 50,964 50,876 51,729 51,519 52,233 47,581 51,478 50,431 50,338 45,036 45,029 45,313
Oklahoma Jail population (adjusted) 1,692 1,842 1,869 2,095 2,294 2,444 2,470 2,496 2,521 2,547 2,573 3,018 3,252 3,473 3,880 4,416 4,691 5,044 5,320 5,072 5,224 5,357 5,960 6,030 5,716 6,005 6,963 6,831 8,683 8,560 7,575 7,921 6,399 6,243 6,854 11,523 10,964 10,713 11,579 9,368 11,321 10,315
Oklahoma Prison population 4,186 4,250 4,796 5,281 6,500 7,480 7,872 8,330 9,708 9,639 10,448 11,608 12,285 13,340 14,821 16,409 16,631 18,151 19,593 20,542 20,892 22,393 23,181 22,780 22,802 22,821 24,508 24,826 24,288 24,603 24,660 24,803 26,252 25,977 25,225 27,547 27,650 28,547 26,452 28,143 26,956 25,679 22,462 22,391 22,941
Oregon Jail population (adjusted) 1,812 1,912 2,012 2,111 2,211 2,311 2,392 2,474 2,555 2,637 2,718 3,282 4,039 4,790 5,481 6,172 6,106 6,021 5,883 5,836 5,828 5,766 6,158 7,089 5,883 6,136 6,069 6,022 6,237 7,889 5,907 5,420 5,519 5,518 7,497 5,404 5,656 5,567 5,577 7,546 5,467 5,748
Oregon Prison population 2,879 3,179 3,177 3,295 3,900 3,952 4,224 4,376 4,770 5,457 5,991 6,156 6,492 6,732 6,583 6,557 6,936 7,886 8,661 7,999 9,034 9,860 10,580 11,410 12,085 12,715 13,183 13,411 13,707 13,948 14,167 14,403 14,876 14,510 14,840 15,517 15,075 15,245 13,862 15,218 15,268 14,961 12,753 13,198 12,518
Pennsylvania Jail population (adjusted) 6,245 7,021 7,796 8,572 9,347 10,123 10,757 11,391 12,025 12,659 13,293 16,468 19,644 22,819 25,995 29,170 28,514 27,857 27,201 26,519 25,861 25,171 26,806 28,923 31,879 30,878 31,596 33,906 34,881 36,973 36,140 36,314 33,705 34,588 35,976 36,482 35,680 34,252 33,019 32,669 30,528 29,973
Pennsylvania Prison population 7,814 7,772 8,171 9,365 10,508 11,767 13,090 14,227 15,201 16,267 17,900 20,469 22,290 23,388 24,974 26,050 28,302 32,416 34,537 34,964 36,377 36,525 36,847 38,062 40,168 40,890 40,963 42,380 44,397 45,969 49,215 51,429 51,264 51,578 51,125 51,422 50,694 49,858 46,381 48,333 47,239 45,702 39,357 37,194 37,910
Rhode Island* Prison population 664 738 813 962 1,037 1,157 1,221 1,306 1,358 1,428 1,906 2,479 2,392 2,771 2,775 2,783 2,919 2,902 3,271 3,371 3,445 3,003 3,286 3,241 3,520 3,527 3,430 3,654 3,996 4,018 4,045 3,674 3,357 3,337 3,318 3,361 3,359 3,248 2,927 2,861 2,767 2,740 2,227 2,238 2,393
South Carolina Jail population (adjusted) 1,493 1,705 1,844 2,022 2,191 2,293 2,464 2,640 2,749 2,863 3,028 3,569 4,043 4,581 5,091 5,607 6,078 6,453 6,853 7,280 7,718 8,048 7,986 9,711 11,296 10,052 10,566 10,684 11,698 12,549 12,579 11,569 11,134 10,874 11,116 10,552 10,500 10,136 8,938 10,544 10,642 10,709
South Carolina Prison population 7,536 7,643 7,862 8,538 9,137 9,576 9,892 10,510 11,676 12,664 13,888 15,720 17,319 18,269 18,643 18,704 18,999 19,611 20,446 21,173 21,764 22,008 21,778 22,576 23,715 23,719 23,428 23,160 23,616 24,239 24,326 24,288 23,578 22,914 22,388 22,060 21,401 20,929 19,384 19,906 19,033 18,608 16,157 15,759 16,318
South Dakota Jail population (adjusted) 281 290 299 308 317 326 355 384 413 442 471 519 567 615 663 711 767 823 879 934 990 1,046 977 936 1,082 1,100 1,238 1,138 1,331 1,227 1,101 1,301 1,237 1,166 1,413 1,520 1,352 1,432 1,513 1,635 1,717 1,580
South Dakota Prison population 532 562 635 693 791 826 921 1,049 1,081 1,133 1,020 1,256 1,341 1,374 1,487 1,553 1,708 1,871 2,063 2,242 2,422 2,506 2,616 2,790 2,918 3,026 3,095 3,463 3,359 3,311 3,342 3,434 3,434 3,535 3,650 3,682 3,608 3,564 3,333 3,970 3,948 3,801 3,250 3,353 3,444
Tennessee Jail population (adjusted) 4,451 4,689 5,063 5,359 5,730 6,246 5,502 7,112 7,281 7,615 7,750 10,214 14,056 16,886 20,762 23,683 22,228 21,196 20,491 20,217 18,722 14,321 14,348 13,200 13,292 15,690 15,424 15,117 24,648 16,732 17,198 17,212 13,932 13,288 14,039 18,613 15,026 17,191 20,289 21,004 22,232 23,376
Tennessee Prison population 5,835 6,629 7,022 7,897 7,869 8,201 7,307 7,127 7,591 7,639 7,732 10,630 10,388 11,474 11,849 12,824 14,401 15,206 15,626 16,659 21,438 22,502 22,166 23,671 24,989 25,403 25,884 26,369 25,745 26,267 27,228 26,965 27,451 28,479 28,411 28,521 28,769 28,172 25,481 28,980 26,321 26,349 22,685 21,995 23,735
Texas Jail population (adjusted) 9,708 10,680 11,652 12,625 13,597 14,569 16,982 19,395 21,809 24,222 26,635 38,038 49,441 60,843 72,246 54,103 57,524 72,838 67,433 62,027 56,622 44,085 38,026 34,379 38,891 42,156 45,125 51,433 48,329 51,509 51,272 49,613 48,362 48,433 50,426 46,266 46,204 46,602 47,839 47,566 47,641 50,462
Texas Prison population 24,575 26,522 29,892 31,502 36,149 35,259 36,682 37,532 38,534 38,821 40,437 44,022 50,042 51,677 60,467 92,013 118,195 127,766 132,383 140,351 144,510 163,190 166,719 162,070 162,003 166,911 168,105 169,003 172,116 171,790 172,506 171,249 173,649 172,224 166,372 168,280 166,043 163,909 149,368 162,523 163,628 158,429 135,906 133,772 139,631
Utah Jail population (adjusted) 633 690 747 776 856 864 972 1,056 1,098 1,157 1,296 1,495 1,828 1,973 2,203 2,430 2,616 2,738 2,942 3,135 2,936 3,069 4,046 4,243 4,223 4,710 4,761 4,725 4,616 4,988 4,996 5,128 5,401 5,119 5,183 5,168 5,232 4,943 4,928 5,675 5,435 5,162
Utah Prison population 911 960 932 1,140 1,216 1,274 1,504 1,633 1,776 1,853 1,961 2,394 2,496 2,625 2,699 2,888 3,045 3,471 4,002 4,301 4,907 5,322 5,637 5,339 5,562 5,763 5,991 6,382 6,433 6,515 6,552 6,538 6,807 6,879 6,962 7,077 7,031 6,492 5,769 6,443 6,651 6,665 5,446 5,911 6,009
Vermont* Prison population 441 431 480 534 599 497 501 677 697 759 820 905 1,049 1,118 1,254 1,223 1,301 1,279 1,119 1,270 1,473 1,536 1,697 1,741 1,863 1,944 1,968 2,078 2,215 2,116 2,116 2,220 2,079 2,053 2,034 2,078 1,979 1,750 1,600 1,546 1,659 1,608 1,284 1,287 1,360
Virginia Jail population (adjusted) 3,161 3,883 4,686 4,928 5,130 5,886 6,022 6,452 6,534 7,496 7,937 8,273 9,807 11,105 11,872 11,484 13,393 12,839 13,674 12,789 14,735 13,182 15,791 17,282 16,993 18,078 19,064 19,526 20,454 22,575 20,976 19,210 20,863 18,343 21,227 21,239 21,157 17,351 18,442 19,979 19,392 19,604
Virginia Prison population 8,344 8,449 8,920 9,388 10,079 10,093 10,839 12,073 12,930 13,321 14,184 16,477 17,593 19,829 21,199 22,850 26,968 27,415 27,655 28,385 30,276 29,789 30,168 31,662 34,973 35,067 35,564 35,344 36,688 37,984 38,216 38,059 37,638 38,130 37,044 36,982 37,544 38,403 34,704 37,158 36,660 36,091 31,838 30,357 27,162
Washington Jail population (adjusted) 2,350 2,457 2,748 3,051 3,288 3,530 3,894 4,303 4,688 5,101 5,544 6,302 7,061 7,819 8,578 9,336 9,477 9,618 9,759 9,900 10,041 10,182 8,176 11,840 11,658 11,383 11,454 12,840 12,559 12,952 12,611 12,187 11,303 12,163 11,283 11,709 11,653 11,238 11,428 12,192 11,647 11,575
Washington Prison population 4,487 4,342 4,399 5,336 6,264 6,658 6,821 6,919 6,603 6,131 5,816 6,928 7,995 9,156 9,959 10,419 10,833 11,608 12,527 13,214 14,161 14,590 14,915 15,159 16,062 16,148 16,614 17,382 17,561 17,772 17,926 18,233 18,235 17,847 17,271 17,984 18,120 18,284 17,446 19,656 19,523 19,261 15,724 13,674 13,772
West Virginia Jail population (adjusted) 1,015 1,030 1,044 1,059 1,073 1,088 1,133 1,178 1,224 1,269 1,314 1,387 1,358 1,246 1,225 1,417 1,389 1,761 1,717 1,336 1,568 1,675 1,861 2,318 1,901 2,106 2,314 2,502 2,718 2,955 2,956 2,367 2,339 2,018 2,439 3,183 3,074 2,887 2,861 3,266 4,030 3,989
West Virginia Prison population 1,237 1,251 1,257 1,565 1,547 1,611 1,579 1,725 1,472 1,449 1,455 1,536 1,565 1,502 1,674 1,805 2,332 2,512 2,749 3,148 3,478 3,532 3,856 4,215 4,544 4,758 5,067 5,312 5,733 6,056 6,059 6,367 6,681 6,826 7,070 6,824 6,896 7,118 6,286 7,092 6,775 6,800 6,044 5,847 5,873
Wisconsin Jail population (adjusted) 1,956 2,186 2,416 2,646 2,711 3,103 3,322 3,602 3,984 4,276 4,569 5,583 6,644 7,751 8,677 9,692 9,881 10,161 10,433 10,743 10,988 10,489 12,291 12,085 12,854 13,295 13,198 13,027 13,737 14,206 13,702 10,662 12,772 12,952 11,865 12,345 11,606 11,753 11,952 12,306 12,590 12,372
Wisconsin Prison population 3,432 3,677 3,980 4,385 4,714 4,845 4,974 5,425 5,736 6,143 6,353 6,788 7,465 7,854 8,191 8,781 10,022 11,199 12,991 16,280 18,403 20,390 20,754 21,495 22,113 22,604 22,959 22,697 23,415 23,743 23,379 23,165 22,729 22,657 22,600 22,471 22,597 22,975 21,889 23,945 24,064 23,956 20,298 20,202 20,873
Wyoming Jail population (adjusted) 235 264 292 321 349 378 398 417 437 456 476 477 478 480 481 482 551 621 674 730 788 862 838 966 1,073 1,149 1,386 1,378 1,400 1,396 1,556 1,487 1,485 1,419 1,475 1,518 1,519 1,439 1,474 1,222 1,250 1,412
Wyoming Prison population 433 504 534 556 702 721 724 762 861 916 945 1,026 1,110 1,099 1,063 1,129 1,217 1,395 1,477 1,549 1,571 1,710 1,680 1,684 1,737 1,872 1,980 2,047 2,114 2,084 2,084 2,075 2,112 2,183 2,204 2,310 2,383 2,424 2,088 2,473 2,543 2,479 2,087 2,123 2,154


Sources and methodology

Jail population (adjusted)

The number of people incarcerated for local authorities in local jails (excluding people held in jails for state or federal authorities) in that state. For the details on the portion of each state or federal population that we removed from the jail population, see the methodology for details on the adjustments made to state jail populations. For statewide populations reported by the Census Bureau, see see Appendix Table 6.

Prison population

The number of people incarcerated for the state prison system in that state. Data collected from the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ Correctional Statistical Analysis Tool - Prisoners for 1983-2019 and from the Prisoners series for 2020-2022. For more details, see the methodology.

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