HELP US END MASS INCARCERATION
The Prison Policy Initiative uses research, advocacy, and organizing to dismantle mass incarceration. We’ve been in this movement for 22 years, thanks to individual donors like you.
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Peter Wagner, Executive Director Donate
Can you help us sustain this work?
Thank you,
Peter Wagner, Executive Director Donate
Correctional control
Supervision extending beyond prison walls: probation, parole, and civil commitment
- Until recently, California granted parole to a smaller share of parole-eligible people than Alabama and South Carolina (Created: 2023)
- Electronic monitoring doesn't reduce jail populations (Created: 2023)
- Only one state parole board released more people on parole in 2022 compared to 2019 (Created: 2023)
- Parole boards in all but three states held fewer parole hearings in 2022 compared to 2019 (Created: 2023)
- Parole boards in all but nine states were less likely to grant parole in 2022 compared to 2019 (Created: 2023)
- Women under any form of correctional control are especially likely to be on probation or parole (Created: 2023)
- Pie charts by state: Incarceration by type of confinement and correctional control by type of supervision or confinement (Created: 2023)
- Mass punishment rates by state, 2023 (Created: 2023)
- Mass punishment rates by state and type, 2023 (Created: 2023)
- People under community supervision face a constellation of health concerns and report more disabilities (Created: 2023)
- People on probation and parole report higher rates of mental health and substance use disorders (Created: 2023)
- Many people under community supervision with mental health or substance use disorders can't access treatment (Created: 2023)
- Across sex and race, people on probation and parole have lower incomes than the general population (Created: 2023)
- Non-criminal (or "technical") violations are the main reason for incarceration of people on probation and parole (Created: 2023)
- Correctional control extends far beyond incarceration (Created: 2023)
- Correctional control of women extends far beyond prisons and jails (Created: 2023)
- Probation: The leading type of correctional control (Created: 2022)
- Who else would be locked up if the county had a bigger jail, according to local law enforcement and judicial officials? (Created: 2021)
- Gay and bisexual men are overrepresented on probation and parole (Created: 2021)
- Parole boards held fewer hearings and failed to say "yes" more often, ultimately approving fewer people for parole during the pandemic (Created: 2021)
- 1 in 7 people in D.C. jails are held for supervision violations (Created: 2020)
- Probation and parole violations are the most common reasons people under supervision are rearrested in D.C. (Created: 2020)
- Women in D.C. are jailed longer for parole violations than they are for misdemeanor sentences (Created: 2020)
- People remain in prison for months after being granted parole (Created: 2020)
- The number of people held for technical parole violations in NYC jails is declining but not quickly enough to outpace the pandemic (Created: 2020)
- Very few states track and publish and recidivism data for people on probation (Created: 2020)
- People on probation are much more likely to be low-income (Created: 2019)
- Grading parole release systems (Created: 2019)
- Texas is granting parole at greater rates. Why not Massachusetts? (Created: 2019)
- Reasons people on parole were returned to incarceration in Texas and Massachusetts in 2016 (Created: 2019)
- Incarceration pie chart and correctional control pie chart by state (Created: 2018)
- Correctional control of women (detail) (Created: 2018)
- Annual cost of incarcerating people returned to prison for technical violations of parole in ten select states (Created: 2018)
- Age of incarcerated people in New York (Created: 2018)
- Some states made dramatic changes in probation in 2016 (Created: 2018)
- Income, probation rates and probation caseloads for the population served by each Massachusetts District Court (Created: 2016)
- Types of correctional control by size (Created: 2015)
- Rhode Island's probation rates outpace New England states & the nation (Created: 2015)
- Probation: The leading type of correctional control (Created: 2015)
- Adults under criminal justice system control (Created: 2004)
